Publicaciones 2011-2020

@article{RN416,
title = {Landfill Fire and Airborne Aerosols in a Large City: Lessons Learned and Future Needs},
author = {R.G.E. Morales and R. Toro and L. Morales and M.A. Leiva},
url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000422939300011},
doi = {10.1007/s11869-017-0522-8},
issn = {1873-9318},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Air Quality Atmosphere and Health},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {111-121},
abstract = {Landfill fires are relatively frequent incidents that can result in severe environmental impacts. On the morning of January 15, 2016, a fire occurred at the Santa Marta landfill (Lf) in the metropolitan area of Santiago (SMA), Chile. The fire triggered public alarm. In the present work, the impact of the landfill fire on the air quality of the SMA and the possible impacts on human health are analyzed. According to the information collected, the fire began after a collapse in the landfill on January 15, 2016. The fire could not be controlled by the Lf operating company, and authorities acted late in responding. The results revealed that at the focal point of the fire, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) reached concentration levels on the order of 1000 mu g m(-3). Three days after the start of the fire, hourly PM2.5 concentration levels above 200 mu g m(-3) were recorded, at a distance approximately 20 km northeast of where the fire occurred. The PM2.5 concentration levels recommended for the protection of the health of vulnerable persons were subsequently exceeded. These results suggest that a preventive measure should have been the evacuation of the most pollution-sensitive population. An inappropriate management of the emergency was demonstrated. Legislation should be improved by stipulating which sanitary Lfs should be equipped with firefighting equipment. Territorial planning should be improved by considering geographic and meteorological aspects.},
keywords = {air-quality, atmospheric combustion, dioxins, emissions, environmental chemistry, fire, impact, landfill municipal particulatematter, pollution, precipitation, santiago, sites solid solid-waste, urban vegetation, waste},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{RN221,
title = {Ozone, Nitrogen Oxides, and Volatile Organic Compounds in a Central Zone of Chile},
author = { R. Toro and R.J. Seguel and R.G.E. Morales and M.A. Leiva},
url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000362881100003},
doi = {10.1007/s11869-014-0306-3},
issn = {1873-9318},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Air Quality Atmosphere and Health},
volume = {8},
number = {6},
pages = {545-557},
abstract = {The relationships between ozone (O-3) and its precursors, nitrogen oxides (NO (x) ) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), were investigated in the VIR region (34A degrees 10' S, 71A degrees 36' W), referred to as Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins of Chile. Observations were obtained from a field study performed at four monitoring sites, which represented different environmental conditions, i.e., rural-coastal (Marchihue, MA), urban (Rancagua, RA, and Rengo, RE), and semi-urban (Codegua, CO) during the summer (between Feb 1 and Mar 12, 2010). Overall, greater O-3 concentrations were identified at the urban sites compared with the semi-urban and rural sites. In addition, the O-3 precursor concentrations were high in the early morning hours as a consequence of fresh vehicular emissions (from 11 to 40 ppbv for NO (x) and from 15 to 36 ppbC for VOC). The total VOC/NO (x) ratios at the study sites indicated that the formation of O-3 was limited by VOCs. Most O-3 was formed from ethene, isoprene, propene, 2-methylpropene, m- and p-xylenes, and toluene. These VOCs accounted for more than 50 % of the O-3 formation. The m- and p-xylene/ethylbenzene ratio confirmed the reception of aged air masses at the CO site. In contrast, at the RA site, the impact of pollution was primarily local. Control measures should be implemented to prevent O-3 exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), despite the fact that the current O-3 concentrations do not exceed the current 8-h standard of 61 ppbv. These measures should include the control of VOC emissions and their chemical reactivity.},
keywords = {air central chile, compound, environmental chemistry, izmir, organic ozone ozone, precursors, santiago, surface voc, volatile zone},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{toro2014urban,
title = {Urban Atmospheric Ammonia in Santiago City, Chile},
author = { R. Toro and M. Canales and R. Flocchini and R.G.E. Morales and M.A. Leiva},
url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000331789600004},
doi = {10.4209/aaqr.2012.07.0189},
issn = {1680-8584},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Aerosol and Air Quality Research},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {33-44},
abstract = {To improve the current understanding of the ammonia distribution in the major urban area of Chile, measurements of atmospheric NH3 were collected in Santiago during three sampling periods (25 April to 27 May, 11 to 26 June and 27 June to 31 July 2008). Additionally, air quality and meteorological data as well as NH4+, NO3-},
keywords = {air ammonia ammonia, chemistry, chile, emissions, environmental chemistry, gaseous new-york, nh3, nitrogen, particulate passive pm2.5, quality, samplers, santiago, secondary sulfate, uncertainty},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{RN218,
title = {Inhaled and Inspired Particulates in Metropolitan Santiago Chile Exceed Air Quality Standards},
author = { R. Toro and R.G.E. Morales and M. Canales and C. Gonz\'{a}lez-Rojas and M.A. Leiva},
url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000339696500011},
doi = {10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.05.004},
issn = {0360-1323},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Building and Environment},
volume = {79},
pages = {115-123},
publisher = {2014 Elsevier Ltd.},
abstract = {The long-term trends and spatial variability of PM2.5 and PMio over the period between 2000 and 2012 in the Santiago Metropolitan Area, Chile are studied. The annual PMio and PM2.5 mass concentration ranged between 76 5 and 52 41.ig [T1-3 and between 32 4 and 24 3, respectively. The large levels of PM observed during the cool season (April September) compared to the warm season (October March) can be explained by meteorological conditions and increased emissions. PM2,5 represents approximately 45% 5% and 60% 10% of PM10 in the warm and cold seasons, respectively. Reductions in PMio and PM2.5 were observed in the ranges of 2.46 to 0.31 and 3.17 to 1.80% yearl, respectively. For the city, the comprehensive air pollution level declined gradually, illustrating that the air quality improved over the last decade. However, the air quality standards were still being exceeded, indicating the need to update and strengthen the policies to control PM pollution.},
keywords = {air assessment, chile, long-term matter, megacities, particulate pm2.5, pollution quality, santiago, trend},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{RN159,
title = {A Five-Year Study of Particulate Matter (Pm2.5) and Cerebrovascular Diseases},
author = { M.A. Leiva and D.A. Santibanez and S. Ibarra and P. Matus and R. Seguel},
url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000323807900001},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.057},
issn = {0269-7491},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
volume = {181},
pages = {1-6},
publisher = {2013 Elsevier Ltd.},
abstract = {Cerebrovascular accidents, or strokes, are the second leading cause of mortality and the leading cause of morbidity in both Chile and the rest of the world. However, the relationship between particulate matter pollution and strokes is not well characterized. The association between fine particle concentration and stroke admissions was studied. Data on hospital admissions due to cerebrovascular accidents were collected from the Ministry of Health. Air quality and meteorological data were taken from the Air Quality database of the Santiago Metropolitan Area. Santiago reported 33,624 stroke admissions between January 1, 2002 and December 30, 2006. PM2.5 concentration was markedly seasonal, increasing during the winter. This study found an association between PM2.5 exposure and hospital admissions for stroke; for every PM2.5 concentration increase of 10 mu g m(-3), the risk of emergency hospital admissions for cerebrovascular causes increased by 1.29% (95% CI 0.552%-2.03%).},
keywords = {ambient binomial cerebrovascular cities, daily disease, environmental chemistry, epidemiology, episode, hospital matter, mortality, negative particulate pm10 pollution, regression, santiago, visits},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}