Publicaciones 2011-2020

@article{RN416,
title = {Landfill Fire and Airborne Aerosols in a Large City: Lessons Learned and Future Needs},
author = {R.G.E. Morales and R. Toro and L. Morales and M.A. Leiva},
url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000422939300011},
doi = {10.1007/s11869-017-0522-8},
issn = {1873-9318},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Air Quality Atmosphere and Health},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {111-121},
abstract = {Landfill fires are relatively frequent incidents that can result in severe environmental impacts. On the morning of January 15, 2016, a fire occurred at the Santa Marta landfill (Lf) in the metropolitan area of Santiago (SMA), Chile. The fire triggered public alarm. In the present work, the impact of the landfill fire on the air quality of the SMA and the possible impacts on human health are analyzed. According to the information collected, the fire began after a collapse in the landfill on January 15, 2016. The fire could not be controlled by the Lf operating company, and authorities acted late in responding. The results revealed that at the focal point of the fire, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) reached concentration levels on the order of 1000 mu g m(-3). Three days after the start of the fire, hourly PM2.5 concentration levels above 200 mu g m(-3) were recorded, at a distance approximately 20 km northeast of where the fire occurred. The PM2.5 concentration levels recommended for the protection of the health of vulnerable persons were subsequently exceeded. These results suggest that a preventive measure should have been the evacuation of the most pollution-sensitive population. An inappropriate management of the emergency was demonstrated. Legislation should be improved by stipulating which sanitary Lfs should be equipped with firefighting equipment. Territorial planning should be improved by considering geographic and meteorological aspects.},
keywords = {air-quality, atmospheric combustion, dioxins, emissions, environmental chemistry, fire, impact, landfill municipal particulatematter, pollution, precipitation, santiago, sites solid solid-waste, urban vegetation, waste},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{toro2014urban,
title = {Urban Atmospheric Ammonia in Santiago City, Chile},
author = { R. Toro and M. Canales and R. Flocchini and R.G.E. Morales and M.A. Leiva},
url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000331789600004},
doi = {10.4209/aaqr.2012.07.0189},
issn = {1680-8584},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Aerosol and Air Quality Research},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {33-44},
abstract = {To improve the current understanding of the ammonia distribution in the major urban area of Chile, measurements of atmospheric NH3 were collected in Santiago during three sampling periods (25 April to 27 May, 11 to 26 June and 27 June to 31 July 2008). Additionally, air quality and meteorological data as well as NH4+, NO3-},
keywords = {air ammonia ammonia, chemistry, chile, emissions, environmental chemistry, gaseous new-york, nh3, nitrogen, particulate passive pm2.5, quality, samplers, santiago, secondary sulfate, uncertainty},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{RN220,
title = {A Study of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in Size-Segregated Aerosols in Atmospheric Pollution Episode},
author = { M.A. Leiva and R. Toro and R.G.E. Morales and M.A. Rios and M.R. Gonz\'{a}lez},
url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000331804300019},
doi = {10.1007/s13762-013-0221-4},
issn = {1735-1472},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
pages = {437-448},
abstract = {Particulate matter, the main pollutant in the atmospheric environment of the Santiago city in winter, was analyzed by means of the major water-soluble ionic species obtained under critical episodes of pollution in 2003. The particulate matter samples were collected using the Micro-Orifice uniform deposit impactors, with eight impactor stages connected in series, and the ionic species in particulate matter samples at each stage was analyzed by ion chromatography. While sulfate ion and nitrate ion showed bi-modal distributions, peaking in the fine and coarse mode, ammonium ion displayed a bi-modal size distribution, peaking in the fine and ultra fine mode. The equivalent concentration ratio of ammonium to sulfate was 2.03 +/- 0.09, indicating the complete neutralization of sulfuric acid by ammonia. The excess ammonium ion was associated to nitrate ion. The study of the size distribution of water-soluble inorganic ions in particulate matter supports the notion that secondary aerosols play a significant role in the urban atmosphere.},
keywords = {air ammonia, ammonium, distribution, distributions, emissions, environmental chemistry, nitrate, particle-size particles, particulate pm2.5, secondary sulfate},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{RN162,
title = {Comparative Measurements and Their Compliance with Standards of Total Mercury Analysis in Soil by Cold Vapour and Thermal Decomposition, Amalgamation and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry},
author = { M.A. Leiva and S. Morales and R. Segura},
url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000315281300006},
doi = {10.1007/s11270-012-1390-3},
issn = {0049-6979},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Water Air and Soil Pollution},
volume = {224},
number = {2},
abstract = {Two methods to measure mercury concentration in soil are compared, and their compliance with international standards is determined: cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry and thermal decomposition, amalgamation and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The detection limit, quantification limit and uncertainty of these two analytical methods were evaluated and compared. The results indicated that thermal decomposition, amalgamation and atomic absorption spectrophotometry had a lower quantification limit and uncertainty than cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (quantification limit, 0.27 vs. 0.63 mg kg(-1); expanded uncertainty, 9.30 % vs. 10.8 %, respectively). Thermal decomposition, amalgamation and atomic absorption spectrophotometry allowed the determination of the base values for the concentration of mercury in soil recommended by international standards, achieving a lower detection limit than cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry under the study conditions. In addition, thermal decomposition, amalgamation and atomic absorption spectrophotometry represent a more environmentally friendly alternative for mercury determination because this method uses fewer reagents and therefore generates less waste.},
keywords = {compliance, emissions, environmental chemistry, fish, fluorescence impact, in measurement mercury samples, sediments, soil, spectrometry, standards uncertainty, validation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}