2019 |
Gomez-Jeria, J S; Segura, C; Carcamo-Vega, J J Methodological problems in the analysis of the Raman spectra of the paper of some postage stamps from Crete Artículo de revista Chemistry Research Journal, 4 , pp. 58-67, 2019, ISSN: 2455-8990. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: baseline correction, cellulose, Cretan Postage stamps, Crete, fluorescence, raman spectroscopy, smooth., Vancouver Raman algorithm @article{RN1007, title = {Methodological problems in the analysis of the Raman spectra of the paper of some postage stamps from Crete}, author = {J.S. Gomez-Jeria and C. Segura and J.J. Carcamo-Vega}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332547457_A_Raman_analysis_of_the_paper_of_some_postage_stamps_from_Crete}, issn = {2455-8990}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-06}, journal = {Chemistry Research Journal}, volume = {4}, pages = {58-67}, publisher = {Leon Publications}, abstract = {A Raman spectroscopy study has been carried out with 633 and 768 nm laser lines to characterize three Cretan postage stamps. The first corresponds was issued by the Russian Empire Administration area and the other two belong to the 1905 Revolutionary Issues. The resulting Raman spectra are not of enough quality allowing a direct interpretation. Possible corrections to these spectra are, for example, the removal of the background fluorescence, the baseline correction and/or smooth. These tools are available in several spectroscopy software packages. The central question is the reliability of the spectra obtained after one or more corrections are applied. In order to begin creating a common procedure to treat all samples we ascribed only those bands that coincide with the cellulose calculated Raman frequencies. The first results suggest that it is necessary to carry out more studies with a significant number of samples before proposing a common treatment for all Raman spectra of postage stamps presenting fluorescence.}, keywords = {baseline correction, cellulose, Cretan Postage stamps, Crete, fluorescence, raman spectroscopy, smooth., Vancouver Raman algorithm}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A Raman spectroscopy study has been carried out with 633 and 768 nm laser lines to characterize three Cretan postage stamps. The first corresponds was issued by the Russian Empire Administration area and the other two belong to the 1905 Revolutionary Issues. The resulting Raman spectra are not of enough quality allowing a direct interpretation. Possible corrections to these spectra are, for example, the removal of the background fluorescence, the baseline correction and/or smooth. These tools are available in several spectroscopy software packages. The central question is the reliability of the spectra obtained after one or more corrections are applied. In order to begin creating a common procedure to treat all samples we ascribed only those bands that coincide with the cellulose calculated Raman frequencies. The first results suggest that it is necessary to carry out more studies with a significant number of samples before proposing a common treatment for all Raman spectra of postage stamps presenting fluorescence. |
Gomez-Jeria, J S; Gutierrez, S; Surco-Luque, J; Clavijo, E; Reyes-Diaz, I A Characterization Of Cellulose In Seven Books Using Raman Spectroscopy In The 800-1800 cm-1 Range. Artículo de revista Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences., 10 , pp. 1565-1579, 2019, ISSN: 2455-8990. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: alum, carbonate, cellulose, gelatin, lignin, Paper composition, raman spectroscopy, rosin, sulfate, Vancouver Raman algorithm. @article{RN1008, title = {A Characterization Of Cellulose In Seven Books Using Raman Spectroscopy In The 800-1800 cm-1 Range.}, author = {J.S. Gomez-Jeria and S. Gutierrez and J. Surco-Luque and E. Clavijo and I. Reyes-Diaz}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330521781_A_characterization_of_cellulose_in_seven_books_using_Raman_spectroscopy_in_the_800-1800_cm-1_range}, issn = {2455-8990}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-03}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences.}, volume = {10}, pages = {1565-1579}, publisher = {2010 RJPBCS}, abstract = {Raman spectroscopy was employed to study the non-printed area of a page of seven books printed in the 18th and 19th centuries. We employed the Vancouver Raman Algorithm to deal with the strong fluorescence background, obtaining spectra only in the 800 a 1800 cm-1 range. Two samples contain lignin, suggesting the presence of wood fibers. One sample (year 1799) contains only cellulose and gelatin. Two samples contain rosin. There are several Raman bands that we could not ascribe. Based on the results we propose a way to prepare the samples that could guarantee that the infrared and Raman spectra can be compared with confidence.}, keywords = {alum, carbonate, cellulose, gelatin, lignin, Paper composition, raman spectroscopy, rosin, sulfate, Vancouver Raman algorithm.}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Raman spectroscopy was employed to study the non-printed area of a page of seven books printed in the 18th and 19th centuries. We employed the Vancouver Raman Algorithm to deal with the strong fluorescence background, obtaining spectra only in the 800 a 1800 cm-1 range. Two samples contain lignin, suggesting the presence of wood fibers. One sample (year 1799) contains only cellulose and gelatin. Two samples contain rosin. There are several Raman bands that we could not ascribe. Based on the results we propose a way to prepare the samples that could guarantee that the infrared and Raman spectra can be compared with confidence. |
Gomez-Jeria, J S; Gutierrez, Sebastian; Pizarro, Guadalupe A preliminary FTIR-ATRand XRFanalyses of the cellulose of four postcards from the Reichskommissariat Ostland and theGerman occupations of Pleskau (Russia) and Latvia Artículo de revista Chemistry Research Journal, 4 , pp. 48-57, 2019, ISSN: 2455-8990. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: cellulose, FTIR-ATR, German occupation of Latvia, German occupation of Russia, infrared spectroscopy, Latvia, philately, Pleskau, Postcards, raman, Reichskommissariat Ostland, Russia, Third Reich, X-Ray fluorescence, xrf @article{RN418, title = {A preliminary FTIR-ATRand XRFanalyses of the cellulose of four postcards from the Reichskommissariat Ostland and theGerman occupations of Pleskau (Russia) and Latvia}, author = {J.S. Gomez-Jeria and Sebastian Gutierrez and Guadalupe Pizarro}, url = {http://chemrj.org/download/vol-4-iss-3-2019/chemrj-2019-04-03-48-57.pdf}, issn = {2455-8990}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Chemistry Research Journal}, volume = {4}, pages = {48-57}, publisher = {Leon Publications}, abstract = {FTIR-ATR and XRF techniques have been employed to carry out a preliminary characterization of the cellulose of four postcards issued during the Third Reich war in the East. Two postcards were printed in Berlin while the other two corresponded to communist Russian postcards with German overprints. The XRF results show that only the paper of the German postcards contains potassium. The four postcards present Fe and Cu that could oxidize cellulose. The possible presence of cotton is suggested but not proved.}, keywords = {cellulose, FTIR-ATR, German occupation of Latvia, German occupation of Russia, infrared spectroscopy, Latvia, philately, Pleskau, Postcards, raman, Reichskommissariat Ostland, Russia, Third Reich, X-Ray fluorescence, xrf}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } FTIR-ATR and XRF techniques have been employed to carry out a preliminary characterization of the cellulose of four postcards issued during the Third Reich war in the East. Two postcards were printed in Berlin while the other two corresponded to communist Russian postcards with German overprints. The XRF results show that only the paper of the German postcards contains potassium. The four postcards present Fe and Cu that could oxidize cellulose. The possible presence of cotton is suggested but not proved. |
Gomez-Jeria, J S; Gutierrez, S; Pizarro, G A preliminary FTIR-ATRand XRFanalyses of the cellulose of four postcards from the Reichskommissariat Ostland and theGerman occupations of Pleskau (Russia) and Latvia Artículo de revista Chemistry Research Journal, 4 , pp. 48-57, 2019, ISSN: 2455-8990. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: cellulose, FTIR-ATR, German occupation of Latvia, German occupation of Russia, infrared spectroscopy, Latvia, philately, Pleskau, Postcards, raman, Reichskommissariat Ostland, Russia, Third Reich, X-Ray fluorescence, xrf @article{RN1014, title = {A preliminary FTIR-ATRand XRFanalyses of the cellulose of four postcards from the Reichskommissariat Ostland and theGerman occupations of Pleskau (Russia) and Latvia}, author = {J.S. Gomez-Jeria and S. Gutierrez and G. Pizarro}, url = {http://chemrj.org/download/vol-4-iss-3-2019/chemrj-2019-04-03-48-57.pdf}, issn = {2455-8990}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Chemistry Research Journal}, volume = {4}, pages = {48-57}, publisher = {Leon Publications}, abstract = {FTIR-ATR and XRF techniques have been employed to carry out a preliminary characterization of the cellulose of four postcards issued during the Third Reich war in the East. Two postcards were printed in Berlin while the other two corresponded to communist Russian postcards with German overprints. The XRF results show that only the paper of the German postcards contains potassium. The four postcards present Fe and Cu that could oxidize cellulose. The possible presence of cotton is suggested but not proved.}, keywords = {cellulose, FTIR-ATR, German occupation of Latvia, German occupation of Russia, infrared spectroscopy, Latvia, philately, Pleskau, Postcards, raman, Reichskommissariat Ostland, Russia, Third Reich, X-Ray fluorescence, xrf}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } FTIR-ATR and XRF techniques have been employed to carry out a preliminary characterization of the cellulose of four postcards issued during the Third Reich war in the East. Two postcards were printed in Berlin while the other two corresponded to communist Russian postcards with German overprints. The XRF results show that only the paper of the German postcards contains potassium. The four postcards present Fe and Cu that could oxidize cellulose. The possible presence of cotton is suggested but not proved. |
2018 |
Gomez-Jeria, J S; Clavijo, E; Gutierrez, S An Infrared, Sem and Xrf Study of the Paper of a 1588 Spanish Book Artículo de revista Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences, 9 (4), pp. 1581-1590, 2018, ISSN: 0975-8585. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: alum, analysis, archeology, cellulose, conservation, ft-ir gelatin, infrared margins paper postage potassium rags, sem, spain, spectra, spectroscopy, stamps, xrf @article{RN414, title = {An Infrared, Sem and Xrf Study of the Paper of a 1588 Spanish Book}, author = { J.S. Gomez-Jeria and E. Clavijo and S. Gutierrez}, url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000438848100213}, issn = {0975-8585}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, pages = {1581-1590}, abstract = {An infrared, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence study was performed on the Spanish book entitled Treated of the True and False Prophecy printed in Segovia during 1588. Three small samples were taken from the margins of three pages. Two of them belong to the original book while the third one is from a page added later during the binding of the book. The first result is that the paper is contaminated with numerous metallic elements. The distribution of these contaminants in the three samples suggests that this process began after the binding of the book. The carbonate moiety of the calcium carbonate seems to have disappeared with the passing of time transformed in carbon dioxide. Al, K and S, components of potassium alum are detected by SEM and XRF analyses. Gelatin seems to be present because some IR bands of proline suggest that. There is an unsolved problem with some IR bands because of the fact that they can be ascribed to two different entities.}, keywords = {alum, analysis, archeology, cellulose, conservation, ft-ir gelatin, infrared margins paper postage potassium rags, sem, spain, spectra, spectroscopy, stamps, xrf}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } An infrared, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence study was performed on the Spanish book entitled Treated of the True and False Prophecy printed in Segovia during 1588. Three small samples were taken from the margins of three pages. Two of them belong to the original book while the third one is from a page added later during the binding of the book. The first result is that the paper is contaminated with numerous metallic elements. The distribution of these contaminants in the three samples suggests that this process began after the binding of the book. The carbonate moiety of the calcium carbonate seems to have disappeared with the passing of time transformed in carbon dioxide. Al, K and S, components of potassium alum are detected by SEM and XRF analyses. Gelatin seems to be present because some IR bands of proline suggest that. There is an unsolved problem with some IR bands because of the fact that they can be ascribed to two different entities. |
Gomez-Jeria, J S; Clavijo, E; Gutierrez, S An Infrared and Sem Study of the Margins of Some Estonian Postage Stamps Artículo de revista Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences, 9 (3), pp. 1258-1279, 2018, ISSN: 0975-8585. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: archeology, archeophilately, cellulose, electron estonia, infrared microscopy, philately postage scanning sem, spectra, stamps @article{RN412, title = {An Infrared and Sem Study of the Margins of Some Estonian Postage Stamps}, author = { J.S. Gomez-Jeria and E. Clavijo and S. Gutierrez}, url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000438847100169}, issn = {0975-8585}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences}, volume = {9}, number = {3}, pages = {1258-1279}, abstract = {Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were performed on the margins of a set of eighteen Estonian postage stamps dated between 1918 and 1924. SEM results showed the presence of Al, Si and Zn in the samples in different combinations. Two stamps contain kaolin and one ZnO. We could not find a clear relationship between the structure of the IR spectrum and the assumed geographical origin of the papers, but the need to accumulate a large set of results to use statistical methods is clear.}, keywords = {archeology, archeophilately, cellulose, electron estonia, infrared microscopy, philately postage scanning sem, spectra, stamps}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were performed on the margins of a set of eighteen Estonian postage stamps dated between 1918 and 1924. SEM results showed the presence of Al, Si and Zn in the samples in different combinations. Two stamps contain kaolin and one ZnO. We could not find a clear relationship between the structure of the IR spectrum and the assumed geographical origin of the papers, but the need to accumulate a large set of results to use statistical methods is clear. |
Gomez-Jeria, J S; Clavijo, E; Carcamo, J J; Gutierrez, S An Infrared and Sem Study of the Margins of Some German Hyperinflation Postage Stamps Artículo de revista Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences, 9 (2), pp. 870-892, 2018, ISSN: 0975-8585. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: archeology, archeophilately, cellulose, database, electron ft-ir germany, hyperinflation, infrared inks kaolinite, microscopy, oxides, pigments, postage raman scanning sem, spectra, spectral spectroscopy, stamps, white zinc @article{RN411, title = {An Infrared and Sem Study of the Margins of Some German Hyperinflation Postage Stamps}, author = { J.S. Gomez-Jeria and E. Clavijo and J.J. Carcamo and S. Gutierrez}, url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000432267600105}, issn = {0975-8585}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, pages = {870-892}, abstract = {Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were performed on the margins (the area without printed colors) of a set of German postage stamps dated 1923 and corresponding to the hyperinflationary period of economy. SEM results showed the presence of Al, Si, Zn and S in the samples, but in different combinations. Sulfur is considered to be a contaminant. The Al-Si combination is credited to kaolinite, Zn to ZnO and unaccompanied Al possibly to Al2O3. Several experimental IR bands of kaolinite agree with the suggestion of its existence in some stamps. In the case of Al and Zn alone we have supposed that, with the passing of time and with the help of moisture, AlOH and ZnOH were formed in a quantity allowing detecting some of the metal- OH bands by IR spectroscopy. On the basis of previous infrared experimental results on Al and Zn hydroxides we assigned some IR bands to the OH groups bonded to these metals. Our results indicate that it is highly probable that the paper used to print these postage stamps was originated in more than one paper mill.}, keywords = {archeology, archeophilately, cellulose, database, electron ft-ir germany, hyperinflation, infrared inks kaolinite, microscopy, oxides, pigments, postage raman scanning sem, spectra, spectral spectroscopy, stamps, white zinc}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were performed on the margins (the area without printed colors) of a set of German postage stamps dated 1923 and corresponding to the hyperinflationary period of economy. SEM results showed the presence of Al, Si, Zn and S in the samples, but in different combinations. Sulfur is considered to be a contaminant. The Al-Si combination is credited to kaolinite, Zn to ZnO and unaccompanied Al possibly to Al2O3. Several experimental IR bands of kaolinite agree with the suggestion of its existence in some stamps. In the case of Al and Zn alone we have supposed that, with the passing of time and with the help of moisture, AlOH and ZnOH were formed in a quantity allowing detecting some of the metal- OH bands by IR spectroscopy. On the basis of previous infrared experimental results on Al and Zn hydroxides we assigned some IR bands to the OH groups bonded to these metals. Our results indicate that it is highly probable that the paper used to print these postage stamps was originated in more than one paper mill. |
Gomez-Jeria, J S; Clavijo, E; Gutierrez, S A Qualitative Infrared and Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of the Margins of Fourteen World Postage Stamps Artículo de revista Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences, 9 (6), pp. 1719-+, 2018, ISSN: 0975-8585. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: archeology, cellulose, electron ft-ir infrared kaolinite, microscopy, paper philately, pigments, postage raman scanning sem, spectra, spectroscopy, stamps, xrf @article{RN415, title = {A Qualitative Infrared and Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of the Margins of Fourteen World Postage Stamps}, author = { J.S. Gomez-Jeria and E. Clavijo and S. Gutierrez}, url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000449630700274}, issn = {0975-8585}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences}, volume = {9}, number = {6}, pages = {1719-+}, abstract = {Fourteen heavily damaged postage stamps were chosen for an infrared and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization of their non-printed margins. The results show the presence of kaolinite used as filler in all but two samples. These last two contain aluminum (with an Al-OH moiety). One stamp seems to contain barium in the form of sulfate. One stamp contains lead in an unknown chemical compound. All these results were incorporated into a database for future analysis. Quantum chemical calculations of diverse large models of cellulose seem absolutely necessary for the IR band assignments.}, keywords = {archeology, cellulose, electron ft-ir infrared kaolinite, microscopy, paper philately, pigments, postage raman scanning sem, spectra, spectroscopy, stamps, xrf}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Fourteen heavily damaged postage stamps were chosen for an infrared and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization of their non-printed margins. The results show the presence of kaolinite used as filler in all but two samples. These last two contain aluminum (with an Al-OH moiety). One stamp seems to contain barium in the form of sulfate. One stamp contains lead in an unknown chemical compound. All these results were incorporated into a database for future analysis. Quantum chemical calculations of diverse large models of cellulose seem absolutely necessary for the IR band assignments. |
2019 |
Methodological problems in the analysis of the Raman spectra of the paper of some postage stamps from Crete Artículo de revista Chemistry Research Journal, 4 , pp. 58-67, 2019, ISSN: 2455-8990. |
A Characterization Of Cellulose In Seven Books Using Raman Spectroscopy In The 800-1800 cm-1 Range. Artículo de revista Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences., 10 , pp. 1565-1579, 2019, ISSN: 2455-8990. |
A preliminary FTIR-ATRand XRFanalyses of the cellulose of four postcards from the Reichskommissariat Ostland and theGerman occupations of Pleskau (Russia) and Latvia Artículo de revista Chemistry Research Journal, 4 , pp. 48-57, 2019, ISSN: 2455-8990. |
A preliminary FTIR-ATRand XRFanalyses of the cellulose of four postcards from the Reichskommissariat Ostland and theGerman occupations of Pleskau (Russia) and Latvia Artículo de revista Chemistry Research Journal, 4 , pp. 48-57, 2019, ISSN: 2455-8990. |
2018 |
An Infrared, Sem and Xrf Study of the Paper of a 1588 Spanish Book Artículo de revista Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences, 9 (4), pp. 1581-1590, 2018, ISSN: 0975-8585. |
An Infrared and Sem Study of the Margins of Some Estonian Postage Stamps Artículo de revista Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences, 9 (3), pp. 1258-1279, 2018, ISSN: 0975-8585. |
An Infrared and Sem Study of the Margins of Some German Hyperinflation Postage Stamps Artículo de revista Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences, 9 (2), pp. 870-892, 2018, ISSN: 0975-8585. |
A Qualitative Infrared and Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of the Margins of Fourteen World Postage Stamps Artículo de revista Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences, 9 (6), pp. 1719-+, 2018, ISSN: 0975-8585. |