2015 |
Perez-Mendez, C; Contreras, R Quantitative Characterization of the Global Philicity Patterns of Common Diene/Dienophile Pairs in Cycloaddition Reactions Ii: The Interacting Pair Model Artículo de revista Tetrahedron Letters, 56 (14), pp. 1767-1770, 2015, ISSN: 0040-4039. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: amines, charge cycloaddition, diels-alder electronegativity, electrophilicity, hardness, mechanism, michael nucleophilicity, reactions, reactivity @article{RN272, title = {Quantitative Characterization of the Global Philicity Patterns of Common Diene/Dienophile Pairs in Cycloaddition Reactions Ii: The Interacting Pair Model}, author = { C. Perez-Mendez and R. Contreras}, url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000351790700004}, doi = {10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.199}, issn = {0040-4039}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Tetrahedron Letters}, volume = {56}, number = {14}, pages = {1767-1770}, publisher = {2015 Elsevier Ltd.}, abstract = {We present a unified model of electrophilicity and nucleophilicity that considers the electrophile/nucleophile pair in an interacting regime, thereby avoiding the arbitrariness of defining them as the opposite ends of a unique reactivity scale. The model is validated against rate coefficients for the cycloaddition of azomethine ylides towards substituted acetylenes and Michael addition of a series of 1-(X-substituted pheny1)-2-propyn-1-ones towards hydrazine.}, keywords = {amines, charge cycloaddition, diels-alder electronegativity, electrophilicity, hardness, mechanism, michael nucleophilicity, reactions, reactivity}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We present a unified model of electrophilicity and nucleophilicity that considers the electrophile/nucleophile pair in an interacting regime, thereby avoiding the arbitrariness of defining them as the opposite ends of a unique reactivity scale. The model is validated against rate coefficients for the cycloaddition of azomethine ylides towards substituted acetylenes and Michael addition of a series of 1-(X-substituted pheny1)-2-propyn-1-ones towards hydrazine. |
2014 |
Cerda-Monje, A; Ormazabal-Toledo, R; Cardenas, C; Fuentealba, P; Contreras, R Regional Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Fukui Functions Efficiently Highlight the Lewis Acidic/Basic Regions in Ionic Liquids Artículo de revista Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 118 (13), pp. 3696-3701, 2014, ISSN: 1520-6106. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: alkenes, alkynes, aromatic designer diels-alder electrostatic future, knoevenagel, potentials, rationalization reaction, reactivity, solvents, substitutions @article{RN223, title = {Regional Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Fukui Functions Efficiently Highlight the Lewis Acidic/Basic Regions in Ionic Liquids}, author = { A. Cerda-Monje and R. Ormazabal-Toledo and C. Cardenas and P. Fuentealba and R. Contreras}, url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000333948200024}, doi = {10.1021/jp5009994}, issn = {1520-6106}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry B}, volume = {118}, number = {13}, pages = {3696-3701}, abstract = {The origin of catalysis and selectivity induced by room temperature ionic liquids in several organic reactions has putatively been associated with the concept of cation effect (hydrogen bond donor ability of the ionic liquids) or anion effect (hydrogen bond accepting ability of the ionic liquids). We show that there may be cases where this a priori classification may not be correctly assigned. Cations may concentrate both Lewis acidity and basicity functions in one fragment of the ionic liquid: an effect we tentatively call bifunctional distribution of the molecular Lewis acidity/basicity. Bifunctionality on the cation is however anion dependent through electronic polarization effects. The molecular distribution of the Lewis acidity/basicity may simply be assessed by evaluating the regional Fukui function within a reference ion pair structure. The model is tested for a set of nine ionic liquids based on the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation commonly used as solvent to run organic reactions.}, keywords = {alkenes, alkynes, aromatic designer diels-alder electrostatic future, knoevenagel, potentials, rationalization reaction, reactivity, solvents, substitutions}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The origin of catalysis and selectivity induced by room temperature ionic liquids in several organic reactions has putatively been associated with the concept of cation effect (hydrogen bond donor ability of the ionic liquids) or anion effect (hydrogen bond accepting ability of the ionic liquids). We show that there may be cases where this a priori classification may not be correctly assigned. Cations may concentrate both Lewis acidity and basicity functions in one fragment of the ionic liquid: an effect we tentatively call bifunctional distribution of the molecular Lewis acidity/basicity. Bifunctionality on the cation is however anion dependent through electronic polarization effects. The molecular distribution of the Lewis acidity/basicity may simply be assessed by evaluating the regional Fukui function within a reference ion pair structure. The model is tested for a set of nine ionic liquids based on the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation commonly used as solvent to run organic reactions. |
Gallardo-Fuentes, S; Tapia, R A; Contreras, R; Campodonico, P R Site Activation Effects Promoted by Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond Interactions in Snar Reactions Artículo de revista Rsc Advances, 4 (58), pp. 30638-30643, 2014, ISSN: 2046-2069. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: aromatic electrophilicity, functionals, markovnikov model molecules, nucleophilic-substitution, potentials, reactivity, regioselectivity rule, secondary-amines, solvent @article{RN225, title = {Site Activation Effects Promoted by Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond Interactions in Snar Reactions}, author = { S. Gallardo-Fuentes and R.A. Tapia and R. Contreras and P.R. Campodonico}, url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000340500300025}, doi = {10.1039/c4ra04725g}, issn = {2046-2069}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Rsc Advances}, volume = {4}, number = {58}, pages = {30638-30643}, abstract = {The nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of benzohydrazide derivatives towards 2-chloro-5nitropyrimidine is used as model system to experimentally and theoretically show that intramolecular hydrogen-bond formation operates as a perturbation that elicits a dual response at the reaction center of the transition state (TS) structure, by enhancing the electrophilicity of the pyrimidine moiety and the nucleophilicity of the nitrogen atom of the benzohydrazide fragment. The electronic mechanism can therefore be described as a (non-local) site activation problem.}, keywords = {aromatic electrophilicity, functionals, markovnikov model molecules, nucleophilic-substitution, potentials, reactivity, regioselectivity rule, secondary-amines, solvent}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of benzohydrazide derivatives towards 2-chloro-5nitropyrimidine is used as model system to experimentally and theoretically show that intramolecular hydrogen-bond formation operates as a perturbation that elicits a dual response at the reaction center of the transition state (TS) structure, by enhancing the electrophilicity of the pyrimidine moiety and the nucleophilicity of the nitrogen atom of the benzohydrazide fragment. The electronic mechanism can therefore be described as a (non-local) site activation problem. |
2013 |
Castro, E A; Canete, A; Campodonico, P R; Cepeda, M; Pavez, P; Contreras, R; Santos, J G Kinetic and Theoretical Study on Nucleofugality in the Phenolysis of 3-Nitrophenyl and 4-Nitrophenyl 4-Cyanophenyl Thionocarbonates Artículo de revista Chemical Physics Letters, 572 , pp. 130-135, 2013, ISSN: 0009-2614. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: aminolysis, carbonates, electronic elimination, ester geminal groups, interactions, leaving mechanism, quality, reactivity, scale @article{castro2013kinetic, title = {Kinetic and Theoretical Study on Nucleofugality in the Phenolysis of 3-Nitrophenyl and 4-Nitrophenyl 4-Cyanophenyl Thionocarbonates}, author = { E.A. Castro and A. Canete and P.R. Campodonico and M. Cepeda and P. Pavez and R. Contreras and J.G. Santos}, url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000319332600025}, doi = {10.1016/j.cplett.2013.04.002}, issn = {0009-2614}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Chemical Physics Letters}, volume = {572}, pages = {130-135}, publisher = {2013 Elsevier B.V.}, abstract = {The phenolysis of 3-nitrophenyl 4-cyanophenyl thionocarbonate (1) and 4-nitrophenyl 4-cyanophenyl thionocarbonate (2) are subjected to a kinetic investigation in order to evaluate the nucleofugality of the corresponding leaving groups. For the reaction of 2 only 4-nitrophenoxide is obtained as leaving group. For the reaction of 1 the nucleofugality ratio 3-nitrophenoxide/4-cyanophenoxide is 1/3 from the corresponding T intermediate. Theoretical calculations confirm the experimental results. From these results it can be concluded that the non-leaving group affects the nucleofugality ratio.}, keywords = {aminolysis, carbonates, electronic elimination, ester geminal groups, interactions, leaving mechanism, quality, reactivity, scale}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The phenolysis of 3-nitrophenyl 4-cyanophenyl thionocarbonate (1) and 4-nitrophenyl 4-cyanophenyl thionocarbonate (2) are subjected to a kinetic investigation in order to evaluate the nucleofugality of the corresponding leaving groups. For the reaction of 2 only 4-nitrophenoxide is obtained as leaving group. For the reaction of 1 the nucleofugality ratio 3-nitrophenoxide/4-cyanophenoxide is 1/3 from the corresponding T intermediate. Theoretical calculations confirm the experimental results. From these results it can be concluded that the non-leaving group affects the nucleofugality ratio. |
Mendizabal, F; Donoso, D; Salazar, R Theoretical Study of Complexes of the Type [Pt-3(M-L)(3)(L ')(3)]-X (L=Co,So2,Cnh; L '=Ph3,Cnh; X=Tl+, Hg-0, Mph3+ (M = Cu, Au, Ag)) Artículo de revista Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 58 (1), pp. 1562-1570, 2013, ISSN: 0717-9707. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: approximation, chemical-reactivity, chemistry cluster clusters, complexes, crystal-structure, electronegativity, electrophilicity index, interactions, metallic platinum pseudopotentials, reactivity, units @article{RN142, title = {Theoretical Study of Complexes of the Type [Pt-3(M-L)(3)(L ')(3)]-X (L=Co,So2,Cnh; L '=Ph3,Cnh; X=Tl+, Hg-0, Mph3+ (M = Cu, Au, Ag))}, author = { F. Mendizabal and D. Donoso and R. Salazar}, url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000331236900014}, issn = {0717-9707}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society}, volume = {58}, number = {1}, pages = {1562-1570}, abstract = {The interaction between the [Pt-3(mu-L)(3)(L')(3)] cluster (L = CO, SO2, CNH; L' = PH3, CNH) and a series of fragments X (Tl+, Hg(0), AuPH3+, CuPH3+ and AgPH3+) was studied using ab initio methodology. The calculations suggest that the complexes formed are stable. We have studied these complexes at the HF, MP2, B3LYP and PBE levels of theory. The magnitude of the interaction energies and Pt-3-MPH3+ distances indicate a substantial covalent character of the bond. On the other hand, in [Pt-3(mu-L)(3)(L')(3)]-X (Tl+ and Hg) the energy magnitudes are in the order of metallophilic interaction, which indicates that the dispersion and ionic terms are found as the main contribution to stability. These results have been confirmed by orbital diagrams. In addition, the Fukui index of electrophilic attack and electrophilicity index on the [Pt-3(mu-L)(3)(L')(3)] clusters were used to explore possible sites that may play a role in chemical reactivity.}, keywords = {approximation, chemical-reactivity, chemistry cluster clusters, complexes, crystal-structure, electronegativity, electrophilicity index, interactions, metallic platinum pseudopotentials, reactivity, units}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The interaction between the [Pt-3(mu-L)(3)(L')(3)] cluster (L = CO, SO2, CNH; L' = PH3, CNH) and a series of fragments X (Tl+, Hg(0), AuPH3+, CuPH3+ and AgPH3+) was studied using ab initio methodology. The calculations suggest that the complexes formed are stable. We have studied these complexes at the HF, MP2, B3LYP and PBE levels of theory. The magnitude of the interaction energies and Pt-3-MPH3+ distances indicate a substantial covalent character of the bond. On the other hand, in [Pt-3(mu-L)(3)(L')(3)]-X (Tl+ and Hg) the energy magnitudes are in the order of metallophilic interaction, which indicates that the dispersion and ionic terms are found as the main contribution to stability. These results have been confirmed by orbital diagrams. In addition, the Fukui index of electrophilic attack and electrophilicity index on the [Pt-3(mu-L)(3)(L')(3)] clusters were used to explore possible sites that may play a role in chemical reactivity. |
2012 |
González-Suarez, M; Aizman, A; Soto-Delgado, J; Contreras, R Bond Fukui Functions as Descriptor of the Electron Density Reorganization in Pi Conjugated Systems Artículo de revista Journal of Organic Chemistry, 77 (1), pp. 90-95, 2012, ISSN: 0022-3263. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: characterization, cycloaddition diels-alder electrophilicity, hardness molecules, quantitative reactions, reactivity, regioselectivity @article{RN108, title = {Bond Fukui Functions as Descriptor of the Electron Density Reorganization in Pi Conjugated Systems}, author = { M. Gonz\'{a}lez-Suarez and A. Aizman and J. Soto-Delgado and R. Contreras}, url = {/brokenurl#<Go to ISI>://WOS:000298827600008}, doi = {10.1021/jo201465g}, issn = {0022-3263}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Organic Chemistry}, volume = {77}, number = {1}, pages = {90-95}, abstract = {The bond Fukui function is introduced and tested as a new reactivity index capable of predicting the evolution of bond breaking and formation processes during an organic reaction involving pi conjugated systems. As an illustration, we examine many cases where substituted ethylenes and dienes may respond to different reagents to yield cycloaddition, Michael addition, and other reactions at double bonds.}, keywords = {characterization, cycloaddition diels-alder electrophilicity, hardness molecules, quantitative reactions, reactivity, regioselectivity}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The bond Fukui function is introduced and tested as a new reactivity index capable of predicting the evolution of bond breaking and formation processes during an organic reaction involving pi conjugated systems. As an illustration, we examine many cases where substituted ethylenes and dienes may respond to different reagents to yield cycloaddition, Michael addition, and other reactions at double bonds. |